“93.5”黑风暴发展结构和不同模式分辨率的数值试验   总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25       下载免费PDF全文

程麟生  马艳 《应用气象学报》1996,7(4):385-395

1993年5月4～6日在我国西北部地区发生了一次“黑风暴”。用改进的MM1和高分辨PBL参数化及40 km细网格控制试验能基本上模拟出“93.5”黑风暴的结构和演变。模拟结果表明，黑风暴发展时段，在PBL内与一个中尺度气旋性强涡旋相伴，在对流层内与一个垂直涡柱相伴。这个伸展至对流层顶的涡柱下（上）半部是与低（高）空强烈辐合（辐散）入（外）流相伴的气旋（反气旋）性涡柱。该黑风暴结构不同于一般锋面结构，其主要判别是:界面坡度陡，θe水平梯度大，斜压性强，PBL内暖心明显。该暖心结构与下垫面剧烈热力强迫有关。不  相似文献   

On cumulus-scale transport of horizontal momentum in monsoon depression over India     

Ramesh V. Godbole 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1977,115(5-6):1373-1381

A diagnostie method of cumulus parameterization is suggested in which vertical transport of horizontal momentum by cumulus-scale is derived by making use of large-scale vorticity as well as divergence budget equations. Data for composite monsoon depression over India available from our earlier studies used to test the method. As a first approximation, the results are obtained using only the vorticity budget equation.The results show that in the southwest sector of the monsoon depression, which is characterized by maximum cloudiness and precipitation, there is an excess of cyclonic vorticity in the lower troposphere and anticyclonic vorticity in the upper troposphere associated with the large-scale motion. The distribution of eddy vertical transport of horizontal momentum is such that anticyclonic vorticity is generated in the lower troposphere and cyclonic vorticity aloft. Cumulus-scale eddies thus work against the large-scale system and tend to off-set the large-scale imbalance in vorticity.  相似文献   

暴雨过程中积云对流反馈作用的诊断研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

汪钟兴 《气象》1994,20(2):3-10

根据各收支方程讨论，概述了各研究者采用直接和间接的方法，计算得出长江流域梅雨期暴雨过程中各源汇的空间分布特征。虽然个例，地区和资料不同，其结果各有差异，易比较，但次网格尺度运动对不尺度环境场的反馈作用均非常显著，因而在设计暴雨预报的数值模式时，参数化方案是必不可少的。  相似文献   

云和辐射 （II）:环流模式中的云和云辐射参数化   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

赵高祥  汪宏七 《大气科学》1994,18(Z1):933-958

这一部分论述了在环流模式中应用的各种云参数化和云辐射参数化方案。云参数化分为云的诊断和预报二大类，云辐射参数化则包活云光学性质的参数化和云整体辐射性质（反射率、透过率、吸收率和发射率）的参数化。  相似文献   

MM5模式中不同对流参数化方案的比较试验   总被引：58，自引：2，他引：58  

王建捷  胡欣等 《应用气象学报》2001,12(1):41-53

应用MM5中尺度模式, 在60、20和10 km模式分辨率下, 分别选用4种不同对流参数化方案 (KUO方案、GRELL方案、KAIN-FRITSCH方案和BETTS-MILLER方案, 以下简称KU、GR、KF和BM方案) 对1996年8月3~4日石家庄暴雨过程进行数值模拟试验.模拟结果的对比分析及其与观测的比较表明:主要雨带位置对参数化方案并不是十分敏感, 但随分辨率提高, 雨带分布特征的模拟更接近实况; 当分辨率提高到10 km时, 虚假的降水中心也明显增加; 模拟的暴雨中心强度随分辨率的提高而增强并随参数化方案的不同有所变化, 但均比实况偏弱.分析还发现, MM5模式的GR、KF及BM方案的次网格降水对总降水的贡献率随分辨率的提高而减小, 而KU方案的情况则呈现出不合理的缓慢增加态势.虽然4种方案下模拟的水平环流特征有较好的一致性, 但模拟的云物理特征和垂直运动特征还是存在一定差别的, 这种差别对定点、定量降水和天空状况、地面气温、湿度等要素的准确预报都会产生影响.因此, 在预报和模拟中应考虑预报和研究对象的特点来选择对流参数化方案.  相似文献   

东亚夏季风降水和环流数值模拟对不同对流参数化方案的敏感性   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  

Huang Ronghui  Wu Bingyi  Sung-Gil Hong  Jai-Ho Oh 《大气科学进展》2001,18(1):23-41

A 5-level spectral AGCM (ImPKU-5LAGCM) is used to examine the sensitivity of the simulated results of the summer monsoon rainfall and circulation in East Asia to different cumulus parameterization schemes in the climatological-mean case and in the cases of weak and strong Asian summer monsoons,respectively. The results simulated with the Arakawa-Schubert＇s(hereafter A-S＇s), Kuo＇s and Manabe＇s cumulus parameterization schemes show that these simulated distributions of the summer monsoon rainfall and circulation in East Asia depend strongly on the cumulus parameterization schemes either in the climatological-mean case or in the cases of weak and strong Asian summer monsoons. From the simulated results, it might be shown that the Kuo scheme appears to be more suitable for the simulation of the summer monsoon rainfall and circulation in East Asia than the A-S scheme or the Manabe scheme, although the A-S scheme is somewhat better in the simulations of the tropical rainfall. This might be due to that the Kuo＇s cumulus parameterization scheme is able to reflect well the characteristics of rainfall cloud system in the East Asian summer monsoon region, where the rainfall system used to be a mixing of cumulus and stratus.  相似文献   

MM5中新边界层方案的引入和对比试验   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

江勇  赵鸣 《气象科学》2002,22(3):253-263

本文介绍了一种新的边界层方案，即E－ε－1方案，并用五种层结下的通量廓线关系计算地面通量，将其引入到中尺度数值天气预报模式MM5中，并用新的边界层方案对江淮流域存季暴雨进行了短期模拟，与此同时，对新的方案和模式原有的各种边界层方案作了比较，对此得到了一些有价值的结果。  相似文献   

Combination of Dependent Realizations Within the Gradual Deformation Method     

Lin Y. Hu 《Mathematical Geology》2002,34(8):953-963

Gradual deformation is a parameterization method that reduces considerably the unknown parameter space of stochastic models. This method can be used in an iterative optimization procedure for constraining stochastic simulations to data that are complex, nonanalytical functions of the simulated variables. This method is based on the fact that linear combinations of multi-Gaussian random functions remain multi-Gaussian random functions. During the past few years, we developed the gradual deformation method by combining independent realizations. This paper investigates another alternative: the combination of dependent realizations. One of our motivations for combining dependent realizations was to improve the numerical stability of the gradual deformation method. Because of limitations both in the size of simulation grids and in the precision of simulation algorithms, numerical realizations of a stochastic model are never perfectly independent. It was shown that the accumulation of very small dependence between realizations might result in significant structural drift from the initial stochastic model. From the combination of random functions whose covariance and cross-covariance are proportional to each other, we derived a new formulation of the gradual deformation method that can explicitly take into account the numerical dependence between realizations. This new formulation allows us to reduce the structural deterioration during the iterative optimization. The problem of combining dependent realizations also arises when deforming conditional realizations of a stochastic model. As opposed to the combination of independent realizations, combining conditional realizations avoids the additional conditioning step during the optimization process. However, this procedure is limited to global deformations with fixed structural parameters.  相似文献   

青藏高原东北侧冰雹微物理过程模拟研究   总被引：31，自引：15，他引：16  

康凤琴  张强  渠永兴  冀兰芝  郭学良 《高原气象》2004,23(6):735-742

以青藏高原东北侧及毗邻地区诱发冰雹灾害的东移短小切变线天气过程为研究背景,采用中国科学院大气物理研究所三维冰雹云分档模式,用MM5V3中尺度气象模式提供冰雹云模拟研究所需的环境大气状况,模拟研究了冰雹形成和增长的微物理过程。结果表明：模式再现了当时冰雹、大风及暴雨的实况;中尺度水分和动力条件是冰雹形成和增长的重要因素,它们决定了冰雹云的强度和冰雹的大小;冰雹形成和增长过程中的微物理过程决定了冰雹云的消亡,冰雹在空中形成的潜热释放延长了降雹的时间;云中冰雹发生、增长的主要区域和云内上升气流配合良好,是防雹消雹的主要范围。  相似文献   

Catchment storm runoff modelling using the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph     

H. Q. Nguyen  T. H.M. Rientjes 《国际地球制图》2013,28(5):357-375

A lumped empirical model, the Geomorphologic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) rainfall-runoff model, is developed for the Can Le catchment in the upstream region of the Sai Gon river Basin (Vietnam). This model can serve to simulate catchment runoff into the Dau Tieng Reservoir and can be used as a flood forecasting tool for the ungauged Can Le catchment. The GIUH couples geomorphology and hydrology quantitatively. The obtained Unit Hydrograph is based on Horton's morphometric parameters; bifurcation, length and area ratios. A new functionality within the ILWIS GIS-RS package, namely ‘DEM-hydro processing’, is applied to effectively process a Digital Elevation Model to extract these ratios from the drainage network. To supplement the limited field data available, various satellites images have been used such as ASTER, SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) and METEOSAT 5. A short field campaign to collect missing ground data was executed between September and October 2005. The data collected included discharge (and stage – discharge curve), meteorological data, soil, land use information that are used for paramerisation, calibration and validation of the GIUH. The model was successfully applied for the Can Le catchment. Using the Horton's morphometric parameters derived from the DEM with estimated overland and stream flow velocities, the model is easy-to-use.  相似文献